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PhD project: differentially heated cavity experiments

In my PhD project I developed methodology for measuring three-dimensional flow fields and two-dimensional surface temperatures of turbulent natural convection in a high-vertical-aspect-ratio Differentially Heated Cavity (DHC) for numerical accuracy assessment. I independently took the project from concept and requirements definition through CFD-informed thermal design, detailed mechanical design, manufacture and systems integration to commissioning, experimental operation and data analysis. The project comprised three stages:

  1. Designing and building a pilot rig to demonstrate the feasibility of optical particle-based measurements in wall-bounded turbulent natural convection and inform the main-rig design.
  2. Designing and building the main rig system to acquire volumetric DHC flow-field data and wall-temperature measurements suitable for defining computational thermal boundary conditions.
  3. Performing corresponding direct numerical simulations (DNS) using Nektar++ and comparing them with the experimental data to assess the developed methodology.

The following sections summarise the first two stages.

Year
2021–2025
Organisation
CDT in Fluid Dynamics, University of Leeds
Role
PhD researcher · Lead experimental designer
Focus
Experimental fluid dynamics, Test systems, Instrumentation
Attachment

Pilot rig

Preliminary test rig was designed and built to inform the design and build of the final test rig. The rig was designed to accommodate 2D-PIV and 3D-PTV data acquisition of turbulent natural convection flow field, observe three-dimensional flow, and identify challenges and potential issues for the final rig.

  • Created a detailed rig CAD using Solidworks, selected materials, and components prioritising straightforward manufacture, assembly and modification.
  • Designed heater electrics and control circuitry along with simple DAQ for temperature measurements using thermocouples.
  • Built the mechanical rig, electrical control and DAQ systems, integrating them into a coherent, fully operational experimental platform.
  • Succesfully carried out experiments with both 2D-PIV and 3D-PTV systems, analysed results and contributed to the current knowledge of vertical wall-bounded turbulent natural convection.

Main rig

Main rig was designed to accomodate two geometrically identical tanks. The visual tank was developed for the first-ever time-resolved 4D PTV measurements of turbulent natural convection in a differentially heated cavity. The thermal tank replicated the visual tank geometry but also incorporated arrays of thermocouples at DHC walls, as well as a dedicated DAQ system for measuring two-dimensional wall-temperature distributions.

  • Ansys Fluent CFD informed sizing of the working volume, heating and cooling jackets and set the requirements for thermal conditioning system.
  • Created a detailed SolidWorks CAD model of the complete rig, designed it for manufacture and assembly, and produced technical drawings with GD&T for manufacture.
  • Sized and sourced heater, chiller, heat exchangers, and pumps. Designed and built plumbing system.
  • Selected and integrated the thermocouples, and built a dedicated DAQ system.
  • Succesfully carried out experiments with both visual and thermal tanks, analysed results and contributed to the current knowledge of turbulent natural convection in a high-vertical-aspect-ratio DHCs.

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